How do you combine two sorted array algorithms?

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Check out everything you need to know about merging two sorted arrays here.

Understand The Problem Statement

You will be provided with two arrays that are already sorted. You need to write code to merge these two arrays in the sorted order.

For instance, if you are given the following arrays:

A= { 1, 4, 7,9}
B= {2, 3, 5, 6}
The resultant array should look like C= { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}

Methods To Combine Two-Sorted Arrays

You can employ four methods to merge two sorted arrays. These include:

Simple Method
Merge sorting
Inserting and sorting method
Two pointer’s approach

Simple Method

As the name implies, this is the most basic method to merge two sorted arrays. The procedure consists of the following simple steps:

To begin, you must select all elements from arrays 1 and 2.
Include all the elements in array 3.
After that, you must sort array 3.

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Complexity Analysis

Time Complexity: This method’s time complexity is determined as O(m+n) log(m+n) because the size of the third array will be m+n.
Space Complexity: Because we do not use extra room to complete this process, the space complexity is determined as O. (1).

Merge Sorting

We will make full use of the fact that both arrays are sorted. To merge two sorted arrays, we will use a similar methodology to merge sort.

To employ this method, follow the below steps:

To begin, you must create an extra space of size n+m.
You must then use two pointers, j and I, and initialise them to 0.
Now, the points to the first array, and the pointer j points to the second array.
You must traverse both arrays concurrently and then select the smallest value present among all elements in both arrays.
You must add that element into the extra space you have generated.
Keep incrementing the pointers and repeating the process until the arrays are merged.
Finally, you must return the final merged array.

Complexity Analysis

Time Complexity: This method’s time complexity is O(n+m).
Space Complexity: Since the extra space is required, the space complexity of this method is determined as O(n+m).

Inserting and Sorting Method

Inserting and sorting an array is another method to merge two sorted arrays. The steps that are taken in this method:

To begin, create and declare an array A2 of size n1+n2.
You must now copy all of the elements from A1 to A3.
You must then traverse Ar2 and insert A3 elements one at a time into Ar1.

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Complexity Analysis

Time Complexity: This method’s time complexity is O(n1 *n2).
Space Complexity: Since we are using extra space, the space complexity of this method is determined as O(n1 +n2).

Two Pointer’s Approach

The most effective approach to merging two sorted arrays is the two-pointer approach. However, you must first understand arrays and how the technique works.

To use the two-pointer approach, go through the steps outlined below:

To begin, you must initialize the lengths of the given initialized n.
Create an extra array of size m+n.
The loops I, k, and j must then be initialized at index 0 for all three initializedi>mand j>n. Then, begin comparing A[i] and B[j].
If A[i] is below B[j], you must copy A[i] into the C array. In addition, increase the value of k and i.
Otherwise, you must copy B[j] into C[k]. Integrate k and j as well.
Also, if i<m, you must copy A[i] into C[k]. Increase k and i.
Similarly, if j<n, you must copy B[j] into C[k]. Increase k and j.
You must repeat these steps till both arrays A and B are vacant.

Complexity Analysis

Time Complexity: The time complexity in this method is determined as O(m+n).
Space Complexity: Since we are not using any additional space, the space complexity is determined as O(1).

Like arrays, the binary tree is a fundamental data structure of the programming language, and it is also the subject of multiple questions.

One such problem is finding the lowest common ancestor of a binary search tree. Let’s take a brief look at this problem.

Overview of Lowest Common Ancestor Of A Binary Search Tree Problem

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In this problem, you will be given a binary tree, and you must find a common ancestor for nodes one and two present in the tree. Here, both nodes must be the descendants of the ancestor node.

To resolve this problem, you can use recursive and iterative approaches.

Conclusion

Keeping your fundamentals strong is the need of the hour if you wish to thrive in the tech industry. When it comes to programming languages, the array is one of the building blocks that every programmer must be familiar with. There is no doubt that in an interview or an exam, no direct questions are asked.

Therefore, you need to master the implementation of concepts like arrays.

That said, interviewers often ask how to merge two sorted arrays to analyze your grasp of the concept of analysis. Check out the methods mentioned above and master the problem before your following interview.